Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by disordered breathing during sleep, which can result in a range of adverse health outcomes. The prevalence of OSA in women varies across different life stages, with a notable increase observed during pregnancy and post-menopause. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying OSA in women involve anatomical, physiological, and hormonal alterations, leading to clinical manifestations that differ from those observed in males. Consequently, this article aims to review the current research landscape of female OSA, encompassing epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic and evaluative approaches, as well as treatment and management strategies, with the goal of providing novel insights to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of female OSA.