Objective：To explore the relationship between frailty and recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods：This is a prospective study. A total of 292 elderly patients who were selected to undergo AF catheter ablation surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, the Third People’s Hospital of Nantong City and the Department of Jingjiang People’s Hospital from June 2023 to? December 2023. Collect the baseline data of the subjects before the operation, and divide the subjects into the frail group (≥3 points), the pre-frail group (1-2 points) and the non-frail group (0 points) according to the Frail scale, and compare the differences between the three groups of patients. After 1 year of postoperative follow-up, it was divided into recurrent group and non-recurrence group according to whether there was AF recurrence during the follow-up period. Comparing the two groups of clinical data, single-factor and multi-factor logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between frailty and recurrence after catheter ablation and other risk factors for AF recurrence. Through Kaplan-Meier analysis of the survival status of non-atrial fibrillation recurrence event 1 year after surgery, log-rank test to compare the survival differences between groups. Results：A total of 292 elderly patients with AF were enrolled, including 94 patients in the non-frail group, 138 patients in the pre-frail group and 60 patients in the frail group. During 1 year follow-up, 52 patients (17.8%) developed AF recurrence, and the recurrence rate in the frail group was significantly higher than that in the non-frail group and the pre-frail group[38.33%(23/60)vs.10.64%(10/94)vs.13.77%(19/138), P<0.001].Multivariate logistic analysis showed that after adjusting for demographic data and clinical factors, frailty was significantly associated with a higher risk of senile AF recurrence after catheter ablation (OR=3.430,95% CI:1.219-10.233,P=0.022). And AF type (persistent AF), BMI, pro-BNP, LAD are independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence. Conclusions：There is a significant correlation between frailty and recurrence after senile AF catheter ablation, which is a reliable predictor of recurrence after AF ablation.