Objective: This study aims to explore the safety and efficacy of utilizing indocyanine green near-infrared (ICG-NIR) fluorescence imaging to guide lymph node (LN) dissection during Da Vinci robotic gastrectomy (RG). Materials and methods: The patients who underwent RG at the General Surgery Department of Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 60 patients underwent ICG fluorescence navigation-guided lymphadenectomy (ICG group), while 117 received conventional LN dissection (non-ICG group). Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to balance baseline characteristics. The number of retrieved LNs, surgical outcomes, postoperative complications, hospital stay, and recovery data were compared between two groups. Results: After matching, each group comprised 60 patients with comparable baseline characteristics, including age, sex, body mass index, nutritional risk screening scores, tumor diameter, tumor location, differentiation, vascular invasion, and Lauren type(p>0.05). All patients completed D2 lymphadenectomy, and there were no fluorescent LNs remaining after surgery. The ICG group had a significantly higher mean number of retrieved LNs (33.73±12.66) compared to the non-ICG group (26.15±6.31, p<0.05). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the number of positive LNs detected by postoperative pathology between two groups (4.67±7.83 vs 3.08±5.08, p>0.05). The ICG group demonstrated superior LN retrieval in both D1 and D2 regions (p<0.05), particularly at stations 3, 4d, 6, 7, 8a, and 12a. No significant differences were found in operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, complication rates, or postoperative inflammatory indicators on day 3 (including c-reactive protein, white blood cell, albumin, and aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratios) (p>0.05). A statistically significant difference in postoperative ventilation time was observed between the two groups (p<0.05), the ventilation time in the ICG group was found to be superior to the non-ICG group. Conclusion: ICG-NIR fluorescence imaging significantly improves the precision and completeness of LN dissection in RG without compromising perioperative safety. These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the standardized application of this technique in robotic gastric cancer surgery.