Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men. Prostate biopsy can directly obtain prostate tissue samples for pathological analysis to preoperatively diagnose or exclude prostate cancer. However, as an invasive examination method, it inevitably causes complications such as bleeding, infection, vagal reflex, and acute urinary retention. Therefore, reducing unnecessary biopsies and improving biopsy techniques are crucial. Currently, with the development of various imaging technologies and artificial intelligence, the techniques for guiding prostate biopsies are gradually improving. This article aims to elucidate the advantages and disadvantages of prostate biopsy techniques under different guidance methods and the research progress of new technologies.