Objective To confirm the existence of allogeneic hepatocyte transplantation and investigate its mechanisms. Methods The hepatic failure rats induced by D-galatosamine were transplanted with allogeneic hepatocytes into their spleens. The spleen specimens obtained at different time after transplantation were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results CD+4, CD+\-8a lymphocytes and IgM antibodies were found in the rat spleen at 12 h post-graft and IgG antibodies at 24 h post-graft. They existed for one week after transplantation. Conclusion Both humoral and cellular immune respone participate in the rejection of allogeneic hepatocyte transplantation.