Objective： To explore the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor antagonist（AT1RA） losartan and hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl coenzymeA reductase inhibitor（HMG-CoA RI） simvastatin on transcription of BAX and BCL-2 genes of uninephrectomized diabetic rats. Methods:Uninephrectomized SD rats were randomly divided into control group（group C） and diabetic groups induced by STZ. The diabetic rats were randomly divided into three groups: group D treated with placebo, group L treated with losartan, group S treated with simvastatin. At the same time group C was treated with placebo. At the end of 2 weeks and 10 weeks, the expressions of BAX and BCL-2 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Results:After 2 weeks of treatment the ratio of BAX to BCL-2 mRNA in group S increased significantly as compared with group C, group D and group L（P < 0.01）. After 10 weeks of treatment the ratio of BAX to BCL-2 mRNA in group D was the highest among four groups（P < 0.01）. Ｔhe ratio of BAX to BCL-2 in group D was significantly increased after 10 weeks compared with 2 weeks（P < 0.01）. At the same time the ratio of BAX to BCL-2 mRNA in group S was significantly reduced after 10 weeks, compared with 2 weeks（P < 0.01）. Conclusion: Both BCL-2 and BAX play a role in the occurrence and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Losartan might inhibit the apoptosis of kidney through decreasing the ratio of BAX to BCL-2. Simvastatin could increase the ratio of BAX to BCL-2 at the early stage and decrease it at the advanced stage.