Objective：To investigate the levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1（sICAM-1） and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1（sVCAM-1） in serum of patients with acute leukemia（AL） and evaluate their clinical significance. Methods： Sixty untreated patients with AL（39 with acute non-lymphoid leukemia, 21 with acute lymphoid leukemia） were included in this study. Serum levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were determined using commercially available immunoassays（ELISA）. In addition, twelve healthy volunteers were studied as control. Results：Serum sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels were significantly higher in untreated patients than those in control and the complete remission group（P ＜ 0.001, P ＜ 0.001）. In initial diagnosed patients with AL, the patient who achieved CR showed lower levels of sICAM-1和sVCAM-1 than those without CR（P < 0.05, P < 0.05）. While the difference of the serum levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 between CR group with control group was not significant. The patients with different levels of sICAM-1 or sVCAM-1 showed no statistical difference in overall survival. Conclusion：Serum levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in patients with AL are abnormal which influence the therapeutic efficiency but had no prognostic significance.