Objective：To explore the effects of soluble interleukin-1 receptor typeⅡ（sIL-1RⅡ）on interleukin-1α（IL-1α）-induced expression of IL-8 in eutopic endometrial stromal cells（ESC） from patients with endometriosis（EMs）. Methods：ESC from patients with EMs were cultured in vitro. Stromal cells were treated with different concentrations of IL-1α（0，0.1，1.0，10，100 ng／ml） respectively for 24 h. Enzyme-linked immuno-assay（ELISA） and RT-PCR were used to examine the expression of IL-8 in transcriptional and translational levels. The concentration of IL-1α which could remarkably enhance the expression of IL-8 was used to stimulate ESC for different times. The levels of IL-8 were measured at each time point by RT-PCR and ELISA. Meanwhile, the effects of 1.0 μg／ml of sIL-1RⅡon IL-1α-induced expression of IL-8 were detected. Results：ESC could slightly express IL-8 without stimulation. The levels of IL-8 protein and mRNA were both remarkably increased after IL-1α stimulation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. IL-8 expression induced by low concentration of IL-1α was inhibited by 1.0 μg／ml sIL-1RⅡ. Conclusion：IL-1α can induce IL-8 expression in eutopic ESC of EMs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It may contribute to the pathogenesis and development of EMs. sIL-1RⅡ can partially antagonize the effect of IL-1α and may offer a rational therapy method for endometriosis.