Objective:To analyze the learning curve of establishing the model of othotoptic liver transplantation in rat by a single operator. Methods:The data of the first 100 consecutive cases of rat orthotopic liver transplantation(ROLT) model were collected for this retrospective study. The models were devided into five phages, of which each group were 20 cases. The donor and recipient operation time, anhepatic time,operation success rate,long-term survival rate and complications rate of each stage were observed and analyzed. Results:The anhepatic times of stage Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ decreased significantly compared with the first two stages(P = 0.000). The operation success rate elevated from 35% to 100% steadily and the long-term survival rate raised to 95% with a plat-form survival rate of 55%-60% included(stageⅢ). The complications rate decreased significantly, and the ROLT model was established stably. Conclusion:Learners could grasp these skills by the learning curve with patient and training repeatedly, after which any model suitable for experimental study of liver transplantation could be established successfully.