Objective:To investigate the mechanism of action of nerve growth factor(NGF) in penis of rats with diabetic ED by detecting the variation of intracavernous presure(ICP) and Nitric oxide synthase(NOS) containing nerve in the corpus cavernosum of the rat model who use NGF to treat the diabetic ED. Methods:All of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups:A(n = 6) control group,B(n = 15) diabetic ED group,C(n = 14) NGF intervention group,D(n = 12) insulin intervention group,E(n = 13)NGF plus insulin intervention group(use the insulin by subcutaneous injection and NGF by intraperitoneal injection). Use the STZ i.p injected randomly to establish the dibetic model. Then the rats with diabetic ED were picked up after 8 weeks:B(n = 8),C(n = 8). D(n = 6),E(n = 6). Through 8 weeks of intervention,ICP was measured and the content of neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) in the erectile tissue was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry Staining. Results:Compared with those in group B,ICP was up-modulate significantly in intervened groups which received NGF or/and insulin intervention and the changes in nNOS staining of those groups were the same(P < 0.05). Conclusion:The ability of combination of NGF with its receptor may also be damaged. It is helpful to use exogenous NGF to ameliorate the neuropathy and improve the erection function of diabetic rats. The abnormal of NGF may play an important role in the generation of diabetic ED and its treatment.