Objective:To explore the method of primary culture of uterine leiomyoma cells,which provided a cell line for studying the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma and drug screening. Methods:Human uterine leiomyoma cells were cultivated by digestive method and explanted tissue culture in vitro. The surviving cells were observed by phase contrast microscope and identified by immunohistochemistry staining. Results:Many uterine leiomyoma cells were obtained by the above two methods. The cells appeared in spindle shape and showed typical hill-valley pattern under phase contrast microscope. Immunohistochemistry staining with α-Actin demonstrated these cells were positive. Conclusion:Primary culture of uterine leiomyoma cells could be obtained by these two means,with highly purity,and can serve the further studies of the pathogenesis and drug screening of human uterine leiomyoma.