Objective：To investigate the role of Lipopolysaccharide（LPS） on the proliferation of human renal tubular epithelial cell（HK-2） in vitro. Methods：HK-2 cells cultured were divided into 2 groups, negative control group and LPS treated group（1.0 ng／ml LPS）. The effect on the proliferation of HK-2 cells was detected by MTT technique. The morphological changes were observed under an invertedmicroscope. The expressions of interleukin-1（IL-1）, interleukin-10（IL-10） and tumor necrosis factor（TNF） were observed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. IL-1, IL-10 and TNF in the cultured supernatant were measured by ELESA. Results：LPS was able to promote the proliferation of HK-2 cells. Conclusion：LPS can promote the proliferation of human renal tubular epithelial cells and expression of inflammatory factor in vitro.