Objective:To investigate the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteinases 2(MMP2) in human renal clear cell carcinoma(RCCC) and their clinical significance. Methods:The protein expression of TGF-β1 and MMP2 in 80 cases of RCCC and 30 cases of tissues adjacent to cancer were determined with immunohistochemical SP method. The mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and MMP2 gene in 43 cases of RCCC and 43 cases of tissues adjacent to cancer were determined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results:In RCCC group TGF-β1 and MMP2 expression intensity was obviously higher than that in tissues adjacent to cancer. The expression of TGF-β1 and MMP2 were correlated with the pathologic grade and clinical stage of RCCC. There was a statistically significant correlation between expressions of TGF-β1 and MMP2. The high expressions of TGF-β1 and MMP2 significantly correlated with the poor prognosis of patients with RCCC by univariate survival analysis(P < 0.05,respectively). Conclusion:Up-regulation of TGF-β1 and MMP2 expression may be involved in the progression of RCCC. The correlation was found between TGF-β1 and MMP2. This indicates that TGF-β1 and MMP2 can be used as a useful associated-molecular marker for prognosis of RCCC.