Objective:To investigate the expression of interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)and stem cell factor(SCF)in mice colon with ulcerative colitis(UC). Methods:Thirty-two male health adult BALB/c mice were divided randomly into control group and UC groups. Eight mice of the UC groups were sacrificed after 1,4 and 7 days respectively.The colon histological score was made according to Dieleman’s method,and the expression of ICC and SCF in distal colon was detected by immunohischemistry and Western blot analysis. Results:Comparing with normal mice,the colon histological score showed a peak level at 7th day(P < 0.05). The number of distal colon ICC in UC groups was more significantly decreased than that in the normal mice(P < 0.05). Meanwhile,the expression of SCF of distal colon in UC groups was significantly decreased in UC groups compared with that in normal mice(P < 0.01). There were high positive correlations between SCF and ICC(UC 4 d,r = 0.862,P = 0.027;UC 7 d,r = 0.948,P = 0.004). Conclusion:The decrease of SCF and ICC in the distal colon of mice with ulcerative colitis may be an effective factor which is associated with the mechanism of ulcerative colitis.