Objective:To study the changes of serum IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ in patients with different pathological types of primary glomerular disease and its clinical significance. Methods:Twelve cases with FSGS, 12 cases with focal proliferative glomerulonephritis, 12 cases with MsPGN, 12 cases with MN, 12 cases with lupus nephritis and 12 normal controls were involved in this experiment,and their serum levels of IL-4,IL-10,IFN-γ were measured with sandwich ELISA. Results:The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in MsPGN, MN, FPGN increased, while the level of IFN-γ in them decreased. The level of serum IL-4 and IL-10 in FSGS decreased, while the IFN-γ level increased. The IFN-γ level in LN highly increased,and the IL-4 and IL-10 level increased a little. And results showed that there was negative-correlation of IL-4 level with serum C-reactive protein, and positive-correlation with serum C3 level. Conclusion:The Th2 cells play a dominant role in patients with MsPGN, MN and FPGN, while the Th1 cells play a dominant role in patients with FSGS; there is a high-level interaction between Th1 and Th2 in lupus nephritis patients, and the Th2 cells play a dominant role. The pathological kinds of primary glomerular disease could be initially detected by measuring the level of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ, combining with some other clinical characteristics.