Objective:To explore the relationship between HLA-A alleles and acute-onset autoimmune diabetes in Jiangsu area. Methods:64 patients with acute-onset ketotic and insuln-depdent diabetic in Jiangsu area were recruited. Peripheral blood cell genomic DNA was extracted from,and detected using polymerase chain reaction restriction sequence specific oligonacleotide(PCR-SSO) technology,and the HLA-A alleles frequencies were studied. Results:The sorts of HLA-A alleles are not different between acute autoimmune diabetes group and healthy control group. The frenquencies of HLA-A*03 and HLA-A*24 alleles in the patients were significantly higher than that in healthy control group(P < 0.05). The frenquencies of HLA-A*01,HLA-A*11,HLA-A*31 alleles in the patients with acute autoimmune diabetes were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group(P < 0.05). Conclusion:HLA-A*03 and HLA-A*24 alleles might be susceptible genes of acute autoimmune diabetes in Jiangsu area. A*01-HLA-A*11-HLA-A*31 might be protective genes.