Objective:To investigate the effect of liver resection on regulatory CD4+CD25+T lymphocytes (Treg) in peripheral blood and its clinic significance in for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods:Flow cytometer was used to analyze the percent of Treg in peripheral blood mononudear cell before and affer surgery,and the ratio of Treg to PBM in tumor tissue and normal liver tissue,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of TGF-β,IL-10 in tumor tissue and normal liver tissue. Results:The percentage of Treg in PBM and tumor tissue of HCC patients were(13.98 ± 3.03)%,(17.74 ± 4.12)%,respectively,both were higher than those in the normal group,and the percentage of Treg in phase Ⅲ-Ⅳ patients was higher than that in phase Ⅰ-Ⅱ(P < 0.05). One month after liver resection,the Treg significantly reduced in the PBM compared before operation (9.87±2.78)% (P < 0.05). TGF-β and IL-10 in tumor tissue were significantly higher than those in normal liver tissue. Conclusion:The level of Treg in patients with HCC significantly increased,which was positive correlated with TNM classification. Liver resection can significantly reduce the proportion of Treg,for which may be related with that the removed tumor micro-environment has high level of Treg,TGF-β and IL-10.