Objective:To describe the current status of patients’ adherence to anti-tuberculosis medications and identify risk factors associated with treatment interruption in Jiangsu,and provide evidences to explore intervention measures. Methods:13 counties (districts) were randomly sampled as study sites. On each site,60 sputum smear-positive tuberculosis patients registered since January 1,2006 were selected as study subjects and interviewed by a structured questionnaire. Risk factors associated with non-adherence were analyzed. Results:82 of 670 enrolled pulmonary tuberculosis patients interrupted treatment,accounting for 12.2%. Drug side effect was the most important factor causing patients non-adherence(37.8%). Patients’ education and the way of taking medicine were the main influence factors affecting patients’ adherence. Conclusion:More importance should be attached to treatment adherence under the current DOTS strategy. Synthetic measures taken to focus groups can reduce the risk for interruption and increase cure rate.