Objective:To understand relative factors contributing to positive rate of enterovirus which result in hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in Jiangsu Province,and analyze the VP1 genetic character of EV71 virus. Methods:During April to December in 2008,2 082 samples of HFMD cases were collected from all surveillance hospital,including throat swab,feces,anal swab,herpes fluid,cerebrospinal fluid,serum sample,and related information was recorded. Results:In 2 082 samples,the positive detectable rates of general enterovirus in throat swab,anal swab,herpes fluid,feces,cerebrospinal fluid,serum were 53.52%,41.12%,40.74%,27.27%,25.00%,9.80% respectively. The positive detectable rates of EV71 in throat swab,anal swab,herpes fluid,feces,cerebrospinal fluid,serum were 47.03%,30.84%,33.33%,22.73%,25.00%,2.94% respectively,and the positive rates of CoxA16 in throat swab,anal swab,herpes fluid,feces,cerebrospinal fluid,serum were 5.34%,8.41%,3.70%,0.00%,0.00%,6.68% respectively. The positive rate and constituent ratio in different types of sample all had statistical significance(P < 0.0001). The highest positive rate of pan-enterovirus appeared in the next day after onset(56.59%),and positive rates of pan-enterovirus and EV71 virus in different time-lag between onset and sample collected had statistical significance(P=0.0019,P=0.0139),while there was no statistical significance compared with that of CoxA16 (P=0.2558). The highest positive rate of pan-enterovirus appeared in the next day after seeing a doctor (59.90%),and positive rates of pan-enterovirus and EV71 virus in different time-lag between seeing a doctor and sample collected had statistical significance(P=0.0228,P=0.0333),while there was no statistical significance compared with that of CoxA16 (P=0.3958).The isolated EV71 virus belonged to sub-generotype C4.3. Conclusion:Positive rate of enterovirus was closely related to types of sample,time of sample collection,time of seeing a doctor. The identified EV71 virus belonged to generotype C4.