Objective:To investigate the effect of methylmethacrylate monomer to New Zealand white rabbit’s cardiopulmonary function by injecting methylmethacrylate monomer into vein. Methods:According to different injecting materials,New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups:Experimental group (methylmethacrylate monomer) and control group(physiological saline). According to different doses,experimental group were divided into three sub groups:MAX group (0.35 ml);MID group (0.10 ml);MIN group(0.02 ml). The fluctuations of blood pressure,heart rate and the changes of the oxygen partial pressure of blood were monitored and pathological examinations of the lung and heart were carried out postoperatively. Results:Significant decrease of blood pressure,heart rate and oxygen saturation were detected in 6 cases out of 7 subjects in MAX group,and then died 30 minutes later. Moderately change was observed in MID group,but no one died. Slightly change happened in MIN group. No significant change happened in control group. Pulmonary hemorrhage and embolism were seen in lung preparation of MAX group and MID group. Subendocardial thrombus was observed in heart preparation of MAX group. Conclusion:Methylmethacrylate monomer has cardiac muscle toxicity,and this closely correlates with the dose of monomer. The physical chemical property of cement and toxicity of monomer may be a factor lead to“bone cement response syndrome”,but not the major factor of this pathological process.