Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy,the injury and the acute phase reaction in perioperative period of lobectomy between totally video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)and traditional open surgery(TOS)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients. Methods:Forty cases of NSCLC undergone lobectomy were enrolled in this study,including 20 treated by VATS and 20 by TOS. The clinical efficacy and the concentration of plasma DNA and CRP level in perioperative period were compared and analyzed statistically. Results:The surgeries in both groups were all successful. No death and no postoperative complication occurred. There was no difference in the operation time,the groups and the numbers of the lymph node cleaned and the time and volume for chest drainage between two groups(P > 0.05). The average bleeding volume during operation,the postoperative pain and the day of out-of-bed activity and hospitalization stay after operation were significantly lower in VATS group than in TOS group(P < 0.05).The concentrations of plasma DNA and CRP level were not different between two groups before the operation(P > 0.05). The concentrations of plasma DNA and CRP level were significantly lower in VATS group than those in TOS group in postoperative 1 day,3 day and 5 day(P < 0.05). Conclusion:Compared with TOS,VATS has no diffience in clinical efficacy in perioperative period,but can significantly decrease injury severity,acute phase reaction and the pain of the patients,and has obvious advantages of minimal invasion to patients.