Objective:To investigate the effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on osteointegration of implant in ovariectomized rats. Methods:Thirty old femal Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:Sham-OVX,OVX and OVX+rhBMP-2. One implant was inserted in the right tibia of each rat. Meanwhile,rhBMP-2 and 1% SA composite were embedded in the peri-implant area in OVX+rhBMP-2 group,and 1% SA was embedded in Sham-OVX and OVX groups. The bone density of right tibia was observed with X-ray and the serum ALP activity was measured pre- and post ovariectomy using a ALP-kit. Four- and eight-week after implantation,the rats were sacrificed and the right tibias with implant were taken by X-ray. History changes were observed by HE stain and SEM scanning. Results:New bone formation was determined in the peri-implant area with good osseointegration in the OVX+rhBMP-2 and Sham-OVX group. No bone absorption was observed in the OVX+rhBMP-2 group,while some soft tissue was observed in the Sham-OVX group. In the OVX group,the implant was lost with severe inflammation and bone fracture in the normal bone tissue. Conclusion:rhBMP-2 could enhance bone osseointegration and induced new bone formation in ovariectomised rats.