Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of rapid culture of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in diagnosis of MP for children and explore the potential influence factors related to the MP rapid culture. Methods:The rapid MP culture method was used for throat swabs of acute respiratory infection,and passive agglutination assay was used to detect serum MP antibody(Ab). Meanwhile the multiple related factors which can influence the MP infection were analyzed. Results:Female children patients’ positive rate of MP cultivation was 46.26%,higher than male children’s (42.16%). The positive rate of rapid MP cultivation for children with 3~5 years old were 54.05%,highest among all groups with different years old(P < 0.001). The results of rapid MP cultivation was different among 4 seasons. The positive rates of rapid MP cultivation in winter and spring were 48.05% and 49.03%,respectively,obviously higher than those in summer and autumn (26.26% and 36.97%,respectively)(P < 0.001). Moreover,the positive rate of rapid culture for MP was in line with the results of serum MP-Ab detection (P=0.556). No evidence was found between the common clinical symptoms such as fever,cough,expectoration and infection of MP. The increasing percentage of blood neutrophile granulocyte was similar to the respiratory infection resulting from the other pathogenic microorganisms,suggesting this can not be viewed as an independent index for diagnosis of MP inflection. Conclusion:MP inflection is common in winter and spring. Children and old people is easily infected. Children with 3~5 years old is susceptible to MP infection. The patients with MP infection is lack of special clinical symptoms. The rapid MP cultivation method plays a significant role in early rapid diagnosis of MP infection.