Objective:To explore the relationship between islet autoantibodies of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA), islet cell antibody(ICA) and insulin autoantibody(IAA) and HLA-A gene in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) in Jiangsu province. Methods: One hundred and four patients with type 1 diabetes in Chinese Han of Jiangsu area and 110 healthy controls were recruited and measured for GADA, IAA, ICA by ELISA. HLA-A typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide primer(PCR-SSO) technology after extracted genomic DNA from peripheral blood cells. The HLA-A alleles frequencies were studied by Arlequin software. Then an analysis was made on the correlation between islet autoantibodies of GADA, IAA, ICA and HLA-A alleles in type 1 diabetes mellitus by SPSS 11.0. Results: The positivity frequencies of GADA, ICA and IAA in 104 type 1 diabetes patients were 64.4%, 39.4% and 37.5%, respectively. The frenquencies of HLA-A*03 and HLA-A*24 alleles in the patients were significantly higher than that in healthy control group. The frenquencies of HLA-A*01, HLA-A*11, HLA-A*31 alleles in the patients of acute autoimmune diabetes were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group. In patients, whose onset age <20 years, the frequency of A*24 alleles was higher than that in the patients with onset age ≥20 years, but the frequency of A*31 alleles in acute-onset autoimmune diabetes with onset age <20 years was lower than that in the patients with onset age ≥20 years. The frequencies of GADA, ICA positivity were higher in those patients with A*03 alleles than those in patients lacking it; the frequency of ICA positivity was higher in those patients with A*24 alleles than those in patients lacking it. Conclusion: Our findings show that HLA-A*03 and A*24 are susceptibility to acute-onset autoimmune diabetes, whereas HLA-A*01, A*11 and A*31 are protective in Jiangsu province. A*31 may delay the onset of acute-onset autoimmune diabetes, A*31 is correlated positively with age at onset; while ICA, A*24 are negatively correlated with age at onset. A*3, A*24 are positively correlated with GADA, and A*24 is positively correlated with ICA.