Objective: To study the feasibility of enucleation of leiomyoma of esophagus with diameter less than 1 centimeter using video-assisted thoracoscope. Methods:Total 8 patients were recruited, who had leiomyoma of esophagus with diameter less than 1 centimeter excised successfully using video-assisted thoracoscope between August 2006 and April 2010. There were 5 male and 3 female. Age ranged from 35 to 64 years with mean age 48 years old. The diameters of tumors ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 centimeter with mean value 0.72 centimeter. The tumor of 3 cases located in midpiece of esophagus, which had been excised successfully via right thorax, whereas another 3 cases with tumor located in inferior one third of esophagus and the other 2 cases with tumor located in the gastro-esophageal juncture, which had been excised successfully via left thorax. Results:There was no death in 8 cases, all recovering successfully. The operation cost 60 to 180 minutes with average of 120 minutes. There was no injury of mucous membrane of esophagus, and also no one was compelled to open-chest operation during surgery. No one had complications such as fistula, diverticulum and so on. Conclusion:It is safe and feasible for enucleation of leiomyoma of esophagus with diameter less than 1 centimeter using video-assisted thoracoscope.