Objective: To investigate the root form and canal morphology of maxillary first premolars. Methods:The cleared teeth were used. The number of the roots was recorded, and the root canal morphology of the cleared teeth was examined under a dental operating microscope. Results:Total 268 cleared teeth were examined. There were 201 teeth(75.00%) with one root, 62 teeth(23.13%) with two roots, and 5 teeth(1.87%) of the samples with three roots. The percentage of one canal, two canals and three canals were 3.06%, 83.58% and 1.87%, respectively. Only 1.49% of the total samples demonstrated other types. The percentage of lateral canals was 25.00%, and the apical foramina were mainly localized laterally. Conclusion:The root canal morphology of maxillary first premolars from high to low incidence was one root with two canals, two roots with two canals, one root with one canal, and others.