objective:to investigate the risk factors for candidemia in pediatric intensive care unit(picu)patients. methods:a population-based case-control study of picu patients was conducted from 2001 to 2010. patients with candidemia infection were identified using laboratory records,and control patients without candidemia infection were selected from picu rosters. following multivariate analysis,logistic regression analysis was performed to determine risk factros and predicted probabilities of candidemia. results:one hundred and seven patients with candidemia infection were identified. factors independently associated with candidemia included presence of a central venous catheter [odds ratio (or)=25.68, 95% confidence interval (ci):8.72~97.47],malignancy(or=5.34,95%ci:1.80~15.22),use of vancomycin for ≥4 days(or=5.57,95%ci:1.74~17.49),and receipt of agents with activity against anaerobic organisms for ≥4 days(or=3.66,95%ci:1.31~7.53). predicted probability of having various combinations of the aforementioned factors ranged from 0.004 to 0.36. conclusion:future efforts should focused on validation of these risk factors identified in different picu population and development of interventions for prevention of candidemia infection.