Objective:To investigate the characteristics of the allele distribution of HLA-B*15 gene family in Jiangsu population, then to study its influence on the selection of clinical transplantation donor and HLA related diseases. Methods:A total of 3 238 cord blood samples from Jiangsu Cord Blood Bank were analyzed by sequence-based typing. Then the sequences encompassing exon 2,3, and 4 for HLA-B gene were typed by direct sequencing of PCR products. The gene frequencies distribution of HLA-B in this population was compared with that in other populations. Results:A total of 21 different HLA-B*15 alleles were detected: B*1501(B62),B*1502(B75),B*1503(B72),B*1505(B62),B*1507(B62),B*1508(B75),B*1510(B71),B*1511(B75),B*1512(B76),B*1513(B77),B*1517(B63),B*1518(B71),B*1521(B75),B*1525(B62),B*1527(B62),B*1529(B15),B*1532(B62),B*1535(B62),B*1546(B72),B*1558(B62) and B*1568(B35). A total of 21 different HLA-B*15 alleles were identified. B*1501(4.69%) was the most frequent allele, followed by B*1511(2.55%),B*1502(2.10%),B*1518(1.34%),B*1527(1.27%). Conclusion:Our study demonstrates the high diversity of HLA-B*15 in the Jiangsu population, which shows direct significance for the selection of transplantation donor, the diagnosis and treatment the HLA related diseases.