Objective: To investigate the main inhalant allergens in children with respiratory allergic disease in Nanjing urban districts and provide evidence for prevention and treatment of patients with respiratory allergic diseases. Methods: All cases were collected from out-patient and in-patient department of the Nanjing Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from June 1 st,2009 to July 31 th,2010. Four thousand three hundred and fifty-five children lived in Nanjing urban districts, aged from 1 to 12 years old with diagnoses of asthma and(or)allergic rhinitis were enrolled. All the patients underwent skin prick tests(SPT) with 13 standardized common inhalant allergens. The positive rates, grades and categories of allergens were analyzed. Results:①Of the 4 355 patients,2 618(60.1%)were atopic. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(D.p,52.0%) and Dermatophagus farinae(D.f,50.9%) were the most prevalent inhalant allergens.② As age growing, the positive rates, grades and categories of skin prick tests increased, and the preponderance of atopy in boys was more significant. Conclusion: D.p and D.f were the most prevalent inhalant allergens in respiratory allergic disease in Nanjing urban districts. With age growing, children, especially boys, with respiratory allergic disease are more sensitive to inhalant allergens.