Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance (DR) among tuberculosis (TB) patients in Jiangsu province and provide statistical data for government to prevent and control TB. Methods:The TB patients in Jiangsu province were sampled and drug susceptibility test(DST) was carried out according to the “Guidelines for surveillance of drug resistance in tuberculosis” developed by WHO/IUATLD. Results:①The DST results showed that 40.96% Mycobacteria tuberculosis strains were resistant to at least one drug we tested, and the proportion was 32.80% among new cases and 55.90% among previously treated ones. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant(MDR) TB was 16.61%, with a significant difference in new cases (7.63%) and in previously treated cases(33.07%). ② Patients in middle-age or with lower education background or living in the middle or north part of Jiangsu province had higher risks for DR or MDR. Conclusion:The high prevalence of drug resistance in Jiangsu province has been a major challenge for TB control.