Objective:To explore whether stem cell was expressed in rabbit endometrium. Methods: The markers of epithelial cell and stromal cell were detected by fluorescence activated cell sorter(FACS);Endometrial cells were cultured in stem cell culture medium;Sox2 and Oct4 expression in the colonies and the differentiated cells were characterized by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR);Apoptosis and cell proliferation were detected by FACS and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) method,respectively. Results: Rabbit endometrium contains epithelial cells and stromal cells,stem cells colonies can be cultured in stem cell culture medium,and the colonies with Oct4 and Sox2 expression showed higher proliferation potential and lower apoptosis than differentiated cells. Conclusion: The colonies with stem cell properties indicated the existence of endometrial stem cell in rabbit endometrium