Objective: To evaluate the roles of TGF-β1 and CD105 in the occurrence and development of cervical condyloma acuminateum (CA) and cervical carcinoma (CC),and determine the potential value of CD105 in the antiangiogenic targeted therapy. Methods: The expressions of TGF-β1 and CD105 were investigated by immunohistochemistry Envision method in samples from 42 cases of CA,50 cases of CC,and 20 cases of normal cervical mucosa as controls. The HPV virus was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR-fluorescence method) analysis. Results: HPV DNA was detected in 20% of controls,100% of CA and 92% of CC,respectively (P < 0.01). TGF-β1 was expressed in 30% of controls,52.4% of CA and 62% of CC,respectively (P < 0.05). TGF-β1 expression only positively correlated with the CC clinical stage (P < 0.01). There was a significantly difference of MVD marked by CD105 antibody among cervical CA,CC and controls(P < 0.01). There was a significantly difference between MVD and size of cervical CA (P < 0.05),and histological grade(P < 0.01),and clinic stage of CC (P < 0.05),respectively. A significantly correlation was confirmed between TGF-β1 and MVD in both CA and CC(P < 0.05). Conclusion: These data provide evidences that TGF-β1/CD105 system plays an important role in abnormal micro-angiogenesis in the occurrence and progress of cervical CA and CC. CD105 could be taken as a potential antiangiogenic target in the treatment of cervical CA and CC.