Objective:To investigate the effects of oxiracetam treatment for vascular cognitive impairment(VCI) in varying degrees. Methods:Sixty patients with VCI were selected. Among them,30 patients were with vascular cognitive impairment no dementia(VCIND)and 30 patients with vascular dementia(VD). All patients received conventional base treatment and the oxiracetam treatment. The event-related potentials P300(ERP-P300) and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA) of all patients were observed and compared before and after the treatment. Results:After the treatment,the scores of MoCA of all patients showed improvement(VCIND:t = 11.886,P < 0.01;VD:t = 2.242,P < 0.05). After the treatment,ERP-P300 of the VCIND group was improved significantly,the latency period of ERP-P300(P300-PL) was significantly shortened(t = 5.799,P < 0.01) while the amplitude(P300-Amp) was significantly increased(t = 17.603,P < 0.01);but the ERP-P300 of the VD group had no obvious improvement(PL:t = 1.414,P > 0.05;Amp:t = 1.069,P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the scores of MoCA,the latency period and amplitude of ERP-P300 between VCIND group and VaD group(t = 2.135,4.402,7.682,P < 0.05). Conclusion:Oxiracetam are beneficial in the treatment of VCI,especially effective to the patients with VCIND.