Objective:To understand whether human bocavirus (HBoV) is one of the pathogens leading to the children’s respiratory infections in Nanjing. Methods:The patients hospitalized for respiratory tract infections(RTIs) were enrolled in the present study. Nasopharyngeal aspirates(NPAs) were collected from November 2009 to June 2010. HBoV NP1 gene in the samples was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified positive NP1 fragments were sequenced and alignment with other HBoVs by DNAStar. Phylogenetic trees were drawn with MEGA software. The clinic findings of the children with HBoV infection were collected and analyzed. Results:Of all the 100 NPAs,five positive ones were founded. Among the five positive samples,the sequence homogeneity of the amplified NP1 gene fragment were 99.7%~100.0% at the nucleotide level. As compared with HBoVs from other countries,the homogeneity were 99.4%~100.0%. Among the five patients,the diagnoses were bronchopneumonia,bronchiolitis and bronchitis. Clinic findings included fever,cough,wheezing,etc. The patients were all recovered with conventional therapy. Conclusion:HBoV was one of the pathogens leading to the children’s respiratory tract infection in Nanjing.