Objective:To investigate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1) drug resistance and related factors in acquired immunodificiency syndrome(AIDS) patients in Jiangsu province. Methods:One thousand and twenty-two AIDS patients who received antiretroviral therapy were recruited with cluster sample method in this study. All participants were asked to complete a questionnaire. The mutation of HIV drug resistance was determined through sequencing pol gene of HIV-1. Results:A total of 877 subjects were enrolled in the analysis. The total drug resistance rate was 6.50%.The prevalence of HIV drug resistance in AIDS patients with low level of CD4 cells in blood,solitary,low income level,long infection time,long treatment time and having HIV-related clinical symptoms is higher than others. Conclusion:The prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy was low in Jiangsu. However,among AIDS patients who are resistant to antiviral drug,most of them are resistant to NRTIs and NNRTIs which are two kinds of drugs in first-line antiviral therapy. More attention should be paid to the patients who were with long infection time,long treatment time,low income level,poor state of the body’s immune and living in unstable. It is necessary to increase the testing frequency of viral load and drug resistance as early as possible in order to reduce the death of AIDS.