Objective:To synthetically evaluate the risk factors of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in China. Methods:The relative researches of VPA were searched by domestic and abroad literature database,and literatures published in China selected were quantitatively analyzed by Meta-analysis. The pooled OR and its corresponding 95%CI were calculated by fixed effect model or random effect model. Results:Fourteen relative literatures were selected in this study,including 691 patients and 1 145 controls. Among nine risk factors,five factors had statistical significances. Risk factors of VAP and its value of OR were as follows:prophylactic antibiotic use (OR=6.60,95%CI:3.01~14.50),tracheostomy(OR=4.25,95%CI:2.32~7.76),nasal and gastric tube (OR=3.09,95%CI:1.85~5.16),enteral nutrition(OR=3.44,95%CI:1.22~9.68),glucocorticoid use(OR=3.28,95%CI:1.68~6.38). Conclusion:Special methods should be taken,according to the risk factors of VAP,to decrease the incidence rate of VAP in China.