Objective:To investigate the role of transduction molecules and modulatory factors of signal pathways of Toll-like receptors(TLRs) in ovarian cancer. Methods:We collected peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from 24 ovarian cancer patients,22 benign diseases,and 22 healthy females. Total RNA of the PBMCs was extracted,and reverse transcripted into cDNA. Expression levels of TLR1~TLR9 mRNA were then determined by real-time quantitative PCR. PBMCs were then either unstimulated (-) or stimulated with agonists for TLRs and assessed for IL-1β,IL-6,IL-12P40 by real-time PCR. Results:TLR1~TLR9 were all expressed in PBMC of the three groups and the expression levels of TLR2,TLR6 mRNA in patients with ovarian cancer were higher than the healthy controls (TLR2:F = 3.27,P < 0.05;TLR6:F = 2.21,P < 0.05). Ovarian cancer patients aslo showed increased TLR2 levels compared to benign diseases group(F = 3.24,P < 0.05).The expression of TLRs has no difference between benign diseases group and the healthy controls. After stimulated with HKLM for 24 h,ovarian cancer group demonstrated a significant up-regulation in expression of IL-1β,IL-6,IL12-P40. The expressions of IL-1β,IL-6,IL12-P40 at the mRNA level were significantly higher in ovarian cancer group compared to healthy controls (F = 2.24,P < 0.05;F = 2.94,P < 0.05;F = 2.35,P < 0.05) and benign diseases group (F = 2.02,P < 0.05;F = 2.50,P < 0.05;F = 2.85,P < 0.05). Furthermore,the level of IL-1β,IL-6,IL12-P40 mRNA had no difference between benign diseases group and healthy controls. Conclusion:TLR2 and TLR6 were highly expressed in ovarian cancer patients,inflammatory reaction mediated by IL-1β,IL-6,IL-12P40 may be related to the growth and development of ovarian cancer.