Objective:To explore the role of Pioglitazone in the browning of both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. Methods:Primary subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes were isolated from C57BL/5J mice and induced for differentiation. The primary cells were stimulated with 2.5 μmol/L Pioglitazone or vehicle throughout the whole induction period. Then the expression of either white fat or brown fat relative genes were observed by RT－PCR. Results:Pioglitazone could cause a significant increase of brown fat marker genes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue instead of the visceral adipose. Conclusion:Pioglitazone can promote a “white to brown” change in the subcutaneous adipose tissue instead of the visceral adipose.