Objective:To evaluate the effect of different load of hepatitis B virus on the serum lipids in chronic hepatitis B patients. Methods:The liver function parameters,the renal function parameters and the serum glucose of 412 hepatitis B patients were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer,the hepatitis B virus load were measured by quantitative PCR and the plasma prothrombin activity(PTA) were detected by automatic coagulometer. Results:The covariance analysis suggested that hepatitis B virus has no effect on the serum lipids (cholesterol,triglycerides,high－density lipoprotein cholesterol,low－density lipoprotein cholesterol) or the effect is negligible in the mild,moderate,severe chronic hepatitis B patients groups. While in the hepatic failure group,the hepatitis B virus has a significant effect on the serum lipids. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the serum lipids in the hepatic failure group was mostly affected by the viral load (lgDNA), PTA,albumin. Conclusion:The different load of hepatitis B virus had different effect on the serum lipids in different stage of chronic hepatitis B patients. Through dynamic observation of lipid levels and viral load,we can understand the body immune status,as well as the role of hepatitis B virus in the body pathological immune response.