Objective:To investigate smoking behaviors and its influencing factors among Chinese urban and rural residents. Methods:The data of of Health and Nutrition Survey in China in 2009 was used for the analysis. A total of 9 995 subjects(male 4 763 and female 5 232) aged 18 years and above were involved. The index of smoking pattern included smoking rate,current smoking rate,heavy smoking rate and average numbers of cigarettes smoked per day. Multiple logistic regression was applied to analyze the data. Results:The smoking rate of residens aged 18 years and above in China was 31.06%. The current smoking rate was 27.65%(male 54.25% and female 3.44%). The median age of smokers when they stared to smoke was 20 years old,and now,their consumption were averagely 20 cigaretles everyday. The logistic stepwise regression analysis showed sex(OR=0.039,95%CI:0.033~0.046),education(OR=0.797,95%CI:0.738~0.861),alcohol drinking(OR=2.406,95%CI:2.138~2.709) and family income(OR=0.870,95%CI:0.786~0.964) were influencing factors for individual smoking. Conclusion:The residents’ smoking rate was still very high in China. The tobacco control in China is still facing the great challenge. Effective intervention measures should be implemented to control the tobacco use.