Objective:To preliminarily investigate whether fluvastatin has a therapeutic role on the peritoneum in a rat model of peritoneal dialysis. Methods:A rat model of peritoneal dialysis was induced by a daily intraperitoneal infusion of 4.25% peritoneal dialysate. Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal control group(n = 6),4.25% peritoneal dialysate group(n = 6),saline group(n = 6),Flu group(n = 6),4.25% peritoneal dialysate combined with Flu group(n = 6). Rats were sacrificed 4 weeks after the first treatment and the peritoneal tissues were gathered for further analysis. A portion of peritoneal tissues were used for histological examination. The expressions of TGF-β1 and FN of each group were examined by RT-PCR. Results:HE stain showed that compared with normal control group,the peritoneal tissue thickness of 4.25% peritoneal dialysate group and 4.25% peritoneal dialysate combined with Flu group increased significantly. Compared with 4.25% peritoneal dialysate group,the peritoneal tissue thickness of 4.25% peritoneal dialysate combined with Flu group decreased obviously. There was no obvious statistical significance among saline group,Flu group and normal control group. RT-PCR showed that compared with normal control group,the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in 4.25% peritoneal dialysate group increased apparently. The expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in 4.25% peritoneal dialysate combined with Flu group were significantly lower than 4.25% peritoneal dialysate group(P < 0.05). There was no obvious statistical significance among saline group,Flu group and normal control group. Conclusion:Long-term treatment with high-glucose peritoneal dialysate could change the structure of peritoneum. Fluvastatin could be used for protecting peritoneum,however,the specific mechanism need tobefurtherstudied.