Objective:To observe the clinical characteristics,pathogens of inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to explore the relative risk factors. Methods:The database of inpatients with CAP were retrospectively analyzed. The age,tobacco use,underlying disease,pathogens and clinical treatment were compared. The risk factors which may affect the prognosis of patients with CAP were also determined. Results:A total of 362 CAP patients(average age of 69.3 ± 17.2) were retrospectively analyzed. The top 5 underlying diseases were hypertension (164,45.3%),chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD,151,41.7%),cardiac functional insufficiency (81,22.4%),diabetes (79,21.8%) and coronary heart disease (72,19.9%). A total of 177 (48.9%) patients were cured,168 patients(46.4%) improved and 17 (4.7%) patients did not improve or died. Of the 362 patients,312 patients underwent pathogen detection,and only 100 patients were detected pathogens. The top 5 pathogens were Candida albicans (31 cases),Gram-negative bacterium (11 cases),Baumanii (8 cases),Klebsiella pneumoniae (8 cases) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7 cases). Logistic regression analysis suggested that high age (β = 0.180,P = 0.001),high percentage of neutrophil (β = 0.127,P = 0.035),low prealbumin (β = 0.140,P = 0.024),pulmonary heart disease (β = 7.851,P = 0.046) and cerebral infarction (β = 4.861,P = 0.029) were risk factors of adverse prognosis. Conclusion:The CAP inpatients of the second affiliated hospital of NJMU were predominantly aged population. Most of them had underlying disease with hypertension,COPD,diabetes,cardiac functional insufficiency and coronary heart disease. High age,high percentage of neutrophil,low prealbumin,pulmonary heart disease and cerebral infarction were risk factors of adverse prognosis.