Objective:To investigate the effect of the syphilis prevention project of mother－to－child transmission in rural area of Jiangsu Province and make the rational planning for improving the project. Methods:A questionnaire survey was carried to interview 459 cases of maternal syphilis in rural area of Jiangsu Province who were diagnosed since the project started in 2010 to understand the control effect. Results:Ninety point two percent of 459 cases of maternal syphilis were administered with drug treatment,and the rate of standard treatment was 85.6%. Ninety－four percent of maternal syphilis patients had live births and no cases of congenital syphilis were found,and there were regional differences among southern Jiangsu,middle Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu (P < 0.05). Twenty－five point seven percent of staffs met the phenomenon of non－compliance with regional differences among southern Jiangsu,middle Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu (P < 0.001). The main factor influencing non－compliance was that pregnant patients with syphilis were worried about the confidentiality of their information. Conclusion:The project promotes the prevention of mother－to－child transmission of syphilis,but there are lots of non－compliance and non－standard treatment,which are different among different regions.