Objective:To understand the situation of quality of life of residents in Jiangsu Province,and different regional residents’ quality of life,discuss the main factors which affect the quality of life of residents,to provide reference for the relevant decision-making. Methods:A self-administered questionnaire (GQOLI-74) was made by households interview over the age of 18 years residents,1 806 valid questionnaires were collected,and data was analyzed through analysis of variance and regression analysis. Results:The total score of quality of life of residents in Jiangsu province is 68.2 points,the average score of the residents in the central,southern and northern Jiangsu was respectively 69.0,69.6 and 66.3(P < 0.05);the average score of the urban residents(70.0) was higher than rural residents (67.1) (P < 0.05);the average score of male residents was 68.6,and female 67.7 (P > 0.05). The residents＇ cultural level was positively correlated with the quality of life score (P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that factors positively correlated with quality of life were physical discomfort,self-esteem,marriage and family,motor and sensory function;negatively correlated with negative emotion. Conclusion:The differences of residents’ quality of life between different regions,urban and rural areas,different cultural levels were significant,while no difference found between sexes. Measures should be taken to improve the level of quality of life of residents in Jiangsu Province.