Objective:To analyze the incidence and risk factors of lower extremity disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods:The experimental group of 95 patients with T2DM and the healthy control group of 53 patients were examined by color Doppler ultrasonography, the incidence rate and characteristics of lower extremity arterial disease of the two groups were compared. According to the presence or absence of lower extremity vascular disease,T2DM were divided into two groups,and then clinical data and biochemical indexes of two groups were analyzed. Results:The rates of intima-media thickness,plaque,stenosis and occlusion of lower limb artery in T2DM were significantly higher than those in the control group,stenosis occurred in the below knee vascular; systolic blood pressure(SBP), body mass index(BMI), two hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) were closely correlated to the pathogenesis of T2DM lower extremity artery. SBP,BMI,2hPG and TC were independent risk factors for T2DM in lower extremity arterial disease. Conclusion:The incidence rate of lower limb arterial disease with T2DM patients is high. Ultrasound can early detect the disease, and actively monitor the related factors of SBP,BMI,2hPG,HbA1c,HDL-C and TC for the control of the occurrence and development of the disease.