Objective:To screen the peptides biomarker from sera of the newly-developed advanced schistosomiasis (NDAS) patients and to lay the foundation for schistosomiasis diagnosis and pathogenesis. Methods:Peptides were collected from the sera of NDAS patients and health control by MB-WCX kit (Bruker Daltonics GmBH),followed by analysis with Flex-Analysis,ClinProTool algorithm and MASCOT using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Results:In the mass range from 0.8 to 13 ku,7 peaks with a clear difference in amplitude between the NDAS patients and control groups were detected,5 peaks with mass charge ratio (m/z) of 2 661,2 991,3 241,5 337 and 5 906 were down-regulated and 2 peaks with a m/z of 2 082,4 282 were up-regulated in NDAS patients. Furthermore,m/z of 2 662,4 209,5 337,5 906 were down-regulated and 2 082 was up-regulated in advanced schistosomiasis patients. Conclusion:m/z 3 241,4 282 could give a potential application value for NDAS patients diagnosis and lay the foundation for schistosomiasis pathogenesis.