Objective:To investigate the effects of Toll-like receptor 4 overexpression in human AEJ and the relationship between TLR4 overexpression and angiogenesis. Methods:Through retrospective analysis, a total of 43 surgically resected human AEJ specimens were investigated for TLR4 protein expression by immunohistochemical SP methods,CD34 antibody was used to mark microvascular endothelial cells and the microvessel density (MVD) was determined。The correlation among TLR4 protein expression and MVD and clinicopathologic features of AEJ was analyzed. Results:TLR4 protein positive rate was 69.8%, rate of 82.6% in group A which was metastasis and recurrence was significantly higher than that of the control group B(P < 0.05). TLR4 protein positive rate in the cases with lymph node metastasis (79.3%)was significantly higher than that in the cases without lymph node metastasis (50.0%)(P=0.05). TLR4 protein positive rate in the patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ of TNM classification was 82.8%, which was significantly higher than that in the patients with stage ⅠandⅡ(42.9%,P < 0.05). MVD was closely related to TNM stage of AEJ (P=0.008). There was a strong positive correlation between TLR4 protein expression and MVD (P=0.012). There was no statistical significance among tumor grade,size,vascular metastasis,and neural invasion. Conclusions:TLR4 expression was closely related to the progression of tumor and prognosis of patients and might be related to the promotion of tumor angiogenesis.