Objective:To investigate the relationship of gall bladder diseases with insulin resistance (IR) and islet β cell function in people living in Gulou District,Nanjing. Methods:Questionnaire survey,physical examination,blood sample collection,OGTT and insulin release test were performed in 8 180 non-diabetic residents in Gulou district,Nanjing. We analyzed characteristics of different gall bladder-disease stages,compared IR and islet β cell function indexes and focus on the risk of diabetes in patients suffering from gall bladder diseases. Results:Gender,age,blood pressure,BMI,WHR,OGTT results,HbA1c,blood lipids,liver enzymes,life styles and incidence of diabetes showed differences in three groups. HOMA-IR,ISI and INSR120 differ in two gall bladder disease groups and the differences were statistical significant (P < 0.05). Post-cholecystectomy represents higher risk of diabetes as well as metabolic syndrome (MS). Conclusion:Gall bladder diseases are signs of IR. Post-cholecystectomy is a risk factor of diabetes in non-diabetic residents in Gulou District,Nanjing.