Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of children’s white blood cells syndrome(HPS),diagnostic criteria,treatment process and related risk factors of prognosis. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted in 72 cases of children’s blood oncology of HPS treated in of 2009—2013 in Nanjing Children’s Hospital. Clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination,treatment and outcome,adopting Logistic methods were used to analyze the prognosis of children with risk factors. Results:In 72 cases,42 cases (58.3%) was HPS infection correlation,among which correlated with EB virus infection was the most conmon type. In the rest 30 cases,4 cases(5.56%) were related HPS infection,and 26 cases(36.1%)were unknown etiology. Clinical manifestatios included fever (91.7%),liver enlargement (83.3%),and spleen enlargement (66.7%). Peripheral blood routine test showed that the two of three lines decrease accounting to 72.2%,three lines decreased accounting to 27.8%,hemoglobin concentration reduction was 91.7%,the decrease of platelets was 77.8%. Elevated serum triglyceride was 38.9%. Coagulation routine inspection dysfunction was 41.7%. Elevated serum ferritin was 55.6%. Bone marrow cell morphology most found the white blood cells. Seventy-two cases of death in 10 cases (13.8%),improvement or basic recovery 24 cases (33.3%),14 cases (19.4%) lost to follow-up after discharge. Age < 3 years old, LDH > 2 500 U/L were the risk factos for adverse. Conclusions:Age and LDH leels are children that eats blood syndrome risk factors of poor prognosis,and should be treated early diagnosis and reduce the case fatality rate.