Objective:We sought to use large sample size cohort to investigate the related risk factors of hypertension in rural communities of Changzhou,the results would help take intervention measures for onset hypertension. Methods: In this nested case-control study,3 400 new cases with hypertension were included,and 3 400 non-hypertension controls were randomly matched by sex and age. The related risk factors were detected by single and multi-variate Logistic regression. Results: Single-variate Logistic regression showed that drink, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride(TG) were associated with hypertension; further multi-variate logistic regression showed that drink,overweight,obesity, TC and TG increased the risk of hypertension and low weight reduced the risk. Conclusion: Hypertension was related to drink,overweight, obesity and lipoprotein level in rural communities of Changzhou. Taking integrated intervention measures of high risk groups is an important way to reduce the risk of hypertension.